Archive Issues

Innovation in any of the aspects can bring “feasible development, which leads to creation of ideas”. This paper focuses on conceptual understanding of how collaboration and co-creation can enhance the value for the organization’s brand. Internet has given the power to customer to evaluate, measure and compare between the products and services. This creates challenges for the business to provide better and best value for their products and services to get the competitive advantage from the market therefore the companies have considered idea such as collaboration and co-creation to retain the customer in the market. Collaboration and co-creation are joined together to provide new guidance and mutual support for the organization. Brand innovation is the optimum utilization of the concept. Brand innovation is a complex, long –term initiative and measuring results isn’t easy, but the effects of a powerful brand are indisputable.Key words: Brand, Brand innovation, Co-creation, collaboration, competitive advantage, optimum utilization.

Does the 500-CNX index have any relationship to macroeconomic variables? When used in combination with economic indicators, NIFTY has already proven to be a useful, but it is still useful to examine if economic indicators forecast NIFTY index. This paper has tried to examine and identify the macroeconomic factors that contribute to the movement of the Nifty 500 Index for the period starting from 1998 to 2021. The study was tried to analyze the significant relationship between NSE 500 index and macro-economic variables of India, like gross domestic product, manufacturing output, foreign direct investment, export, inflation, agriculture growth, WPI and exchange rate. The analysis has been started by the descriptive analysis of variables. In order to determine if the NSE 500 index follows the macro-economic factors, a unit root test has been carried out. The relationship between the variables was estimated using the ADF, ADF-GLS test, ARDL bound test, and Error correction model. The data are stationary at first difference in ADF and ADF-GLS test except inflation. GDP, manufacturing output, FDI, export, inflation, WPI and exchange rate are the main determinants of NSE 500 index. GDP, Exchange rate, inflation and export have a positive significant long-run relationship with NSE 500 index whereas manufacturing output and WPI have a negative impact. The result of this research would be of importance to investors who invest in the stock market as well as others who do future studies on stock market indices. Keywords: NSE500, GDP, FDI, inflation, exchange rate, ARDL, ADF, macroeconomic ..

Impact of training and development was studied on employees’ performance and productivity. Thorough literature review was done in order to get in depth knowledge about the topic and the work done till date. Data for the paper have been collected through primary source by the help of questionnaire. Quantitative study was done in order to analyze the data which was checked through statistical software to find the impact of training and development on employees’ performance and productivity. There were two variables- Training and Development and Employees’ performance and productivity, independent and dependent, respectively. Number of respondents were 254. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the employees. SPSS version 16 has been used for data analysis, Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the data. The research methodology used were aligned with the objectives of research. This was inclined towards checking whether the Training and Development has any influence on Employees Performance and Productivity. The result showed that there was significant relationship between the variables on the basis of Pearson correlation and Frequency distribution. Recommendations were given to the employees and future researchers in the end of the paper.Keywords: Training, Development, Employees, Performance and Productivity..

Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme is the scheme of Government of India, its mission is to generate employment opportunities, promotion of self-employment and create new traditional artisans. The scheme was in operation from 2008. This study attempts to understand does the scheme of PMEGP help the urban and rural development through enabling human resources in the area of self-employment. Madurai is the district of Tamil Nadu state in India where Human Resource engaged in Industrial and Non-Farming business activities. It is necessary for the activities as an instrumental approach for reducing the emerging problems of increasing unemployment and poverty in study areas. The research article is also made an attempt to understand effectiveness through the human resource development could be achieved through the various business activities. Keywords: PMEGP, Employment Generation, Self–Employment, Business Activities..

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) does not have a typically recounted definition; the center of the idea despite the fact that, is prepared around the conviction that corporations have an attention of certain expectancies closer to society and the people from whom they infer their prosperity. In nations, as an instance, India, in which economic reconciliation and social consideration are fundamental powers that power most people towards improvement and advancement CSR has gotten a important and powerful India became the number one country in the world to force a legal commitment of CSR for organizations assembly certain measures. According to Section one hundred thirty five of the Companies Act, businesses with a complete assets of INR 5 Bn ($ 70 Mn) or more, or a yearly turnover of INR 10 Bn ($ 140 Mn) or extra, or net gain of INR 50 Mn ($) at least 699,125, to burn thru percentage of their regular net benefits of 3 years This association makes India the primary nation on the planet that makes each the spending and detailing of CSR commitments obligatory..

A number of hurdles and deficiencies are responsible for failure of rural development program. The present paper makes an attempt to examine the health care services and sanitation related schemes given by the panchayat samities in different areas of North 24 pargana district in West Bengal. This article also proves that the health care and cleaning system are the two mantras which build a strong community. KEYWORDS: Health care, Sanitation, NRHM, CHCMI, TSC .

Accounting involves the recording of financial transactions of a particular firm, organization or business enterprise. Forensic Accounting, on the other hand, involves financial transactions that are being misinterpreted to hide any kind of fraudulent activity that is done without the awareness of the organization. Frauds have become part and parcel of any business organization because of the advanced hacking technologies and also because of the trust the organization places on an employee who bears the responsibility of handling all finance-related activities. This can probably be avoided by replacing all finance-related activities that are employee based with artificial intelligence and other advanced technological tools to avoid these kinds of frauds and increase data security. The Purpose of the study is to save the big shot and corporate companies from huge financial frauds and scams in general, avoiding millions and billions of money going to lose that is later difficult to retain. The impact of every business organization is greater on the economy. More improvement in the sales or profits of a firm enables them to raise the level of competition by a step higher. However, it is important to safeguard the finance of these firms that involve great efforts of many people and professionals and the process of Forensic Accounting facilitates this..

GHRM has become an integral part of dimensional change in business organizations since the time United Nations Organization’s call for Climate Change and Sustainable Development. With the fast- paced growth in industrialization, advent of technology, automation there is an outcry for ecological protection. Therefore, organizations around the world have geared themselves to rise for the cause. This is the time that the Planet has to protected by the People to ensure there is Profit and sustenance. Greening all persons in organization is not only a difficult task but also calls for strategic shift in business processes. This study aims at addressing the Human Resources dimension of strategic shift that needs to be undertaken to ensure there is sustained development. Key Words: GHRM, Sustainability, Green -Recruitment, Green- Performance..

Supply chain digital content management, is planning, creating, managing digital content in various aspects, to target customers, consumers, also create a target a personalised experience in the need for a content in supply chain. Content digital supply chain management does have the need for a higher quality of available information, so as to be used by the consumers, customers engaged in various groups in supply chain. A digital content management entails the whole process of planning, creating, managing using the best use of digital content as desired in supply chain. Content in digital supply chain is to plan, source, make, delivery, also take up returns, as it becomes imperative to control inventory in any manufacturing process in supply chain. Supply chain target on personal experience requires complete content, with different forms of engaging concepts in supply chain. Digital content supply chain requires clear thinking, with clear understanding, demand, supply, consumption, experience, segmentation, with target emphasized on personal strategy in supply chain. Supply chain goal in digital content management, is to deliver to treat the content strategy, as important in supply chain, as new customer acquisition, is profitable revenue, better production, growth in revenue, with proper data acquisition, thus lowering the cost of sales, with customer with longer consistent record, with the exception of experience in supply chain. Digital content supply chain should achieve fulfilment of demand, driven by outstanding customer value, so to enhance the organisation, so as to bring better responsive, build better network, resiliency; facilitate financial appropriateness in supply chain. Key Words; Content digital supply chain management: Planning: creating: managing: Inventory: segmentation: emphasized:.

Start-ups commercialize the innovative ideas of younger generations which struggle for existence at the nascent stage. They create employment opportunities besides giving way for emergence of new social order of budding entrepreneurship. The survival of startups is different from one country to another because it depends on the ecosystem of concerned country. The number of startups is increasing in India but not on par with US. The internal and external business environment in US is congenial for growth and sustenance of startups; conversely India is not endured with this natural and artificial gift. The success rates of startups in US and India were reported in Microsoft Ventures, Zinnov, NASSCOM Startup India report 2019 are which clearly indicate the supremacy of US over India in this matter. India is amongst the top five countries in the world in terms of startups and US ranks number one on the list of startups. This paper is an attempt to identify the startup culture in India vis- a-vis US and to analyze the ecosystem of startups in India compare to USA.Key words: Eco System, Entrepreneurship, Pre-empt, Social order, Startup culture,.

The startling lockdown giantly affects the economy for a huge scope in some manner. Significant interest in offsetting the work-existence with the individual life. Numerous females across the world have left their place of employment to be at home with their youngsters on the grounds that instructive foundations are closed and childcare was additionally not accessible. With regards to female academicians, the pandemic has represented a ton of difficulties without being gender partial. Numerous academicians have even left their calling and attempted to zero in on their own life which appeared to be again difficult because of the different issues looked at home. This pandemic has made personal as well as professional challenges. Keeping in view these focuses, this paper presents the most thorough difficulties looked at by female academicians during the pandemic emergency in mid-2020. It likewise attempts to recommend few measures to adapt up to difficulties and face the world with another enthusiasm.Keywords: Problems faced by Working women, Socio-Cultural barriers, Violence, Livelihood., .

A Purposively study was conducted to investigate mainly the awareness and satisfaction level about eTrading of agricultural produce among the farmers of Maharashtra state. Apart from the main aim, this research article also examines the exact constraints faced by the farmers while trading using the eTrading platform. Preference towards traditional or electronic trading systems was tried to assess. A directional hypothesis is undertaken to determine the level of significance of variables in the study. Following the descriptive research design, an empirical investigation was carried out by collecting the responses from 136 farmer respondents across Maharashtra. Information gathered using Google Form. The questionnaire was developed by seeking expert advice from academics. Using SPSS, Jamovi, and G*Power statistical software packages data analyzes. It founds that farmer from the state face the problem of lack of information and training about various processes involved in electronic trading. The majority of the farmers preferred electronic trading systems. About electronic trading purpose found a significant level of awareness and satisfaction among the farmers. The study is pure in a sense; it provides insights into understanding the status of eTrade policy.Keywords: Karnataka Model, eTrading System, eNAM, Awareness and Satisfaction.

Socio-economic development is an indication of prosperity in the society. Amongst many contributors to the socio-economic development the working women in the unorganized sector are recognizable ones. Quantification of contributions to the social development by any agent is not precise, however in economic terms the contributions are precisely measurable. The contributions made by working women in unorganized sectors towards growth indicators- education, attitude, group dynamism, leadership quality, competitive spirit, friendliness, decision making, loyalty, culture are studied through an empirical study in Krishnarajanagar taluk with a sample size of 127. From the same respondents the economic growth indicators are also studied with the input of primary data. The inferences are drawn objectively and this study has proved the hypothesis that ‘working women in unorganized sector contribute significantly towards socio-economic development of the community’.Key Words: Change agent, Informal leadership, Socio-economic development, Unorganized Sector, Working women..

The global Covid-19 pandemic posed unprecedented economic challenges to everyone across the world. The pandemic has disproportionately impacted the world’s poor population in terms of livelihood and survival. The street vendors were among the hardest hit, suffering in the most unexpected ways as their livelihood was shattered. This study explores how street vendors survived the pandemic, as well as what obstacles and problems they faced. The study aimed to understand the effectiveness of the new scheme “Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s AtmanirbharNidhiYojana” introduced by the central government; to analyze the issues faced by the street vendors during and after the lockdown (post lockdown) and the schemes and laws passed for the street vendors, that have helped them in any form during this period of uncertainty. A mixed research approach was used in the present study i.e., both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. The Primary data was collected with 51 street vendors through personal interviews with the help of a questionnaire and personal interviews with 5 bank managers of the public sector whose banks are part of the government loan scheme to the street vendors. The exploratory study concluded that most street vendors are uneducated with low income, with lack of awareness of government-sponsored schemes, and highly dissatisfied with the business even after removal of lockdown. The study highlighted the need for promotion and creating awareness of all government schemes. Keywords: pandemic covid-19, street vendors, bank managers, awareness of governmental scheme, pm svanidhi,.

In this Research paper we will be discussing about the importance of Goods and Services tax, the benefits of the GST bill to the common man and to its customers. The paper will give a brief introduction on the disadvantages or challenges faced by the business personnel with GST implementation. How the ordinary consumer would be impacted by Goods and Services Tax. We will be describing the common man their ways of accepting GST implementation, the understanding of economists and tax experts as it is the biggest tax reform in Post Independent India. The present structure of Indirect Taxes is very complex in India. There are so many types of taxes that are levied by the Central and State Governments on Goods & Services. We have to pay ‘Entertainment Tax’ for watching movie. We have to pay Value Added Tax (VAT) on purchasing goods & services, and there are Excise duties, Import duties, Luxury Tax. The research paper mainly focuses on the Customers of GST in Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka. The advantages and challenges faced by all the sectors in the payment and implementation of GST in Bengaluru city. The research paper is been covered with the secondary data sources regarding GST. The problem statement of the research paper is to identify the loopholes of implementation of GST. The findings about the problem statement and suggestions given to the customers would be included in the research paper. Keywords: GST, Excise Duties, Import duties.

Introduction about dividend policy and their experimental attempts are explained. Definition of dividend in the introduction part is covered. W. A. Adesola & A.E. Okwong (2009) entitled An Empirical study of Dividend policy of Quoted companies in Nigeria. And T. Hussain, Sarwani, Nardi Sunardi & Lisdawati (2020) researched on Firm’s value prediction based on profitability ratios and dividend policy. To evaluate the financial performance adopted by quoted companies in India. To determine the concept of dividend in connection with Profitability of the selected companies. To study the relation between profitability and liquidity of selected companies. There is no significant relation between liquidity and profitability of selected companies. There is no significant relation of dividend policy on profitability of companies. Secondary data is collected for the study. In which five automobile companies have been taken on the basis of market capitalisation for the period from 2015-2016 to 2019-2020. To analyses the collected data, various profitability, liquidity ratios has been calculated. To know the financial performance of selected companies one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) & Correlation has been used. The study indicates that there was a correlation between liquidity ratios but no correlation between dividend and profitability in the current period. Studies have shown that profitability & liquidity should be considered in order to give dividend, because profitability ratios affect dividend.Keywords: liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, ANOVA, Correlation..

This study is made to understand the logistics management where it is one of the significant componenent in the competitive market being the blend of business and major activities of the different busineses. The supply and distribution actions collectively known as logistics activities. The value chain has been renowned as a tool to analyse and compare the activities within competitors or industry role players. Two major events within the value chain are inbound logistics and outbound logistics. The objective of the research is to investigate the influence of inbound and outbound logistics on the competitiveness retail textile company with reference to the .

In todays competitive environment customer service and satisfaction play a vital role in organizational success. If customers are not satisfied with the service, then the firm may lose the competitive edge in the market. Especially in the Banking sector, it became a big challenge. Though much innovation has taken up in the banking industry with technology, still customers have a bundle of quarries to get solved and transactions to do offline. Even the trends and norms of banking goes on getting changed. So, in this type of environment knowledge sharing is the key that can make banking employees to get a competitive edge with good service. When knowledge flows without any distraction in the banking industry it helps the employees to know about the recent changes and to give the best solutions to its customers. To improve the organizations performance and its services towards customers, Knowledge sharing plays a vital role. Through the integration of people, processes, and technology, KM focuses on leveraging corporate knowledge and operation. This case study is all the study of factors and attitude of employees in sharing their knowledge with othersKeywords: Knowledge sharing, Knowledge management, Banking, Acquisition, Knowledge creation..

The present study has been carried out to examine the customers perception & the services being rendered by Himachal Pradesh Grameen Bank and Himachal Pradesh State Cooperative Bank. The study covers the period of ten years, i.e., 2007-08 to 2016-17. This paper tries to measure the consumer satisfaction level by knowing customers’ perception about banks and the factors responsible for variation in customer satisfaction between Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank and Himachal Pradesh Grameen Bank. The study is mainly based on the primary data collected from HPSCB and HPGB customers through the well-structured questionnaire in Himachal Pradesh. The results of the t-test indicated a significant difference between the performance of both the banks in terms of tangibility dimension of service quality. It depicts that Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank uses the better quality of equipment, materials, and technology to provide superior quality service to customers as compared to Himachal Pradesh Grameen Bank. Further, the results of the t-test indicated that there is no significant difference between both banks in terms of reliability dimension of service quality, i.e., when customers have problems, the bank is sympathetic & re-assuring, your bank show sincere interest in solving problems, and your bank is efficient in its day-to-day operations. It is also revealed from the study that HPSCB provides better service for the third attribute (bank performs the service at the first instance) under the reliability dimension. The results of t-test reveal that there is no significant difference between both banks in terms of all service quality statements under the responsiveness dimension. Further, results of t-test revealed that there is no significant difference between the Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank and Himachal Pradesh Grameen Banks service quality level on all the attributes of assurance dimension. Further, the p-value of t-test for organizing a consumer awareness program under the empathy dimension is significantly higher than that of the Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank. It indicates that the Himachal Pradesh Grameen Bank is better in organizing the consumer awareness program. Keywords: - HPSCB, RRB, Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy dimension. .

Digital technology is the most applied instrument in the current scenario concerning every field of business. One of the most disruptive changes in the digital area which has become very crucial in the present situation is the introduction of blockchain technology. It has created huge interest in a wide range of industries. As blockchain is creating new applications with new features which motivated industry leaders. They started customizing and tailoring the technology so that it can be put into multiple uses. Like other business areas banks are influenced by digital transformation and financial innovations. Using the decentralized approach for creating applications is developed by Blockchain technology. The present paper highlights blockchain technology, its working mechanism, and how it can be successfully used in the Indian banking system. The last section of the study shows a comprehensive analysis of the underlying technology in the Banking industry using the ABCD model. The primary aim paper understudy is to analyze the portrayal of Blockchain in Indian banking.Keywords: Blockchain, innovation, cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, decentralization, banking system..

Liquor consumption has become common in every country. It is consumed in the various forms. As it is a psychoactive substance it affects the health. The present study intended to find out the relation of the various factors on liquor consumers particularly of consumption of liquor and financial degradation, neglecting of the children of consumers, and the differences in the social recognition. After the data analysis through the Chi-square tests the findings reveal that most of the socially backward people consume more alcohol than the upper sections. The all sections of the respondents agreed that the consumption of the alcohol causes to financial imbalance. This practice put less attention on their children and their social recognition is lessKey words: Psycho -active substance, imbalance of families, financial degradation, neglect on children, social recognition.

Liquidity is the financial position of a company that measures the ability of a firm to pay its short-term liabilities. Profitability is the earning capacity of a company. The paper is focusing on how the liquidity position influences the profitability of the select companies under the Automobile sector listed in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. The sample of 8 companies over 15 years from 2006-07 to 2020-21 is considered in this paper. To find out the influence of liquidity on profitability, Acid Test Ratio (ATR), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) considered as exploratory variables (Liquidity), and Debt to Equity (DE), growth (GROW) factors considered as a control variable and Return On Assets (ROA) is considered as dependent variable (profitability).To fulfill the objective of the study Pearsons Correlation has been run for testing the Collinearity and simple Regression Analysis was run to examine the influence of Liquidity on the Profitability of the companies. The Result of the Regression analysis reveals that the liquidity factors Acid Test Ratio (ATR) has no influence on Profitability, on the other hand, Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Debt to Equity (DE) and Growth factors have a significant influence on the Return on Assets (ROA). Keywords: Dividend Pay-out Ratio, Acid Test Ratio, National Stock Exchange. .

Non-performing assets (NPA) makes up a huge chuck of the total assets of any bank and have become a huge burden on the banking sector. Many policies and procedures adopted over the decades have been responsible for this dismal state. NPAs have a negative effect on the financial position of any bank, especially on its liquidity, solvency and profitability. Their disclosure also affects the share prices in stock market and general perception of the investors. The present study tries to find out the state of NPAs of the Indian banks and how these have been impacted by various macroeconomic variables over the years. Pearsons Correlation Coefficient and trend analysis are used to analyze the data. The results show that the foreign banks and private banks are more efficient in credit management as compared to the public sector banks. It can be concluded that in terms of NPA management, privatization leads to better results. Key Words: Asset Classification, Credit Risk, Default Risk, Indian Banking Sector and Non Performing Assets. .

Millions of years had been taken in the process of human evolution, to receive the intelligence level for creations, inventions and discoveries. Trade took almost two millennia, to settle itself comfortably, in the human environment, from the beginning of early civilizations. Exceptionally, computing technology hadn’t faced such difficulties, which integrated itself as the part of human activities, within 60 years. Business activities evolved during various times, along with ecological changes. The consumption and utilization patterns of citizens, tax collection necessities to the treasury and military aspirations of rulers transformed the perceptions of business community towards the natural ecosystems. This article reviews those trade-centred exploitation mechanisms of ecological resources which were carried out, in the previous centuries, to make a judicial conclusion for adapting sustainable practices in day-to-day human activities of the 21st century.Keywords: Ecosystems, Trade Activities, Ecological Degradation, Business Perceptions.

Consumer behaviour is a complex phenomenon tangled by various characteristics such as time, price, situation, personality traits, cultural influences, demographic characteristics of individuals etc., the personality of each individual differs and is unique with respect to their physical, psychological and behavioural characteristics. Personality of individual influences behaviour and their responses to digital and physical environment. It implies that consumer purchasing behaviour is greatly influenced by personality. Therefore marketers can optimize these personality traits to build their marketing strategy and successful advertisement campaigns for their brands, products and services. Marketing strategist has always designed products focusing on their specific target market segments which has commonly addressed on individual’s personality traits. This paper attempts to study personality traits influence on impulsive buying behaviour of consumers .This research would help marketers, retailers and sellers to work on their business models, strategies while dealing with customers. It also helps to verify the interrelationship existing between personality traits and impulsive buying behaviour of consumers. The objective of this research paper is to understand and determine the relationship existing between individual personality and impulsive buying behaviour. To fulfil the purpose of this study, the researchers randomly collected sample of 200 using judgmental and convenience sampling techniques .Data were collected from south zone of Bangalore region. The data were analysed using statistical applications such as correlation and ‘T’ Test. The results revealed that the common personality traits have a significant relationship with impulsive buying behaviour. This paper would provide a qualitative add-value to the companies and brands to understand their customers perception deeply and convince them strategically to be loyal and repetitive customers Key words: Impulse buying, consumer behaviour, Personality traits .

Supply chain around the world have reduced their resources, inventory, has been closed to zero, on technology spending, supply chain has been also been curtailed, as the core process in supply chain, has scaled back to order, in order to adjust to the current reality, of reduced demand, with uncertainty, to recover in supply chain, operation, as the need has become to be more flexible, in order to anticipate the economy in V-shaped recovery in supply chain. V-shaped recovery is characterized by the quick sustained recovery in supply chain, to measure the economic performance after the sharp economic performance, decline in supply chain. Supply chain sourcing of components, plan, source, make, deliver, make returns. Supply models simulations of products, facilitate, transportation vehicle routes, in which these interactions drive supply chain operations. Supply chain approach to scalability (the capacity to be changed to size) flexibility, has the benefits to be achieved, when building a supply chain operation, under severe downturn conditions, as the rational provided to show a scalable, flexible supply chain, which mitigates multiple risks, from economic uncertainty, during recovery where fixed cost does not exist in supply chain. Supply chain suffers a V-shaped recession (a temporary economic activity decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced to generate a fall in Gross Domestic Product) as the economy suffers a sharp, out of period of economic decline in supply chain, with a clearly defined as the prices come down, or likely to rise, followed by strong recovery in supply chain. V-shaped are the normal shape for a recession in supply chain, as the strength in the economy recoveries is closely related to the severe preceding recession in supply chain. Key Words: V-shaped recovery: Scalability: Transportation: Recession: Mitigates: Interactions: Supply chain operations: Technology: .

The Kerala model of health care delivery system and controlling epidemic has its roots in the strong health system built over years. The state used innovative approaches to deploy resources quickly and come up with timely and comprehensive response in collaboration with key stakeholders. All the Government medical colleges in Kerala are at the forefront in the war against COVID. Kerala was appreciated for effective management of Covid-19 and captured the attention of worldwide media. Medical education is a dynamic and complex field where professionals devote plenty of time to render quality service. The medical professionals need to possess intrinsic skills and abilities to effectively practice capacity management in the present scenario. The present study has been carried out to pinpoint the Capacity Management Practices of doctors in Govt Medical College Thiruvanathapuram during Covid -19 pandemic using Structural Equation Modelling. Based on the analysis it was found that all the coefficient of determinations are acceptable in this model. Thus it can be rightly concluded that the capacity management practices of doctors in Govt medical colleges are highly appreciated and acceptable.Keywords: Capacity, Management, Traits, Profession, Sensibility.

Indian Real Estate Sector has become a second most / largest sector of job opportunities after Indian agricultural sector. But the sector is still unassembled to make this sector firm to bring a control and hold over the transactions, Indian Government brought and established RERA Act in Indian on May 01 2016.this Act is model act for each and every states in Indian states therefore every states in India has established and individual Real Estate Regulatory Authority office under the guidance of Indian RERA Act. All these states are appealed to establish their own internal rules and regulations for Real Estate Sectors to bring control over the transaction of the field. This authority is obliged to bring efficiency, transparency and accountability in the sector within a year it become obligatory for each and every states establish RERA Authority under the Indian RERA Act, 2016. To study the performance of both MahaRERA and GujRERA the comparative study of Quantitative and Qualitative performances would be considered by using the parameters of Real Estate Regulatory Authority. To do a comparative study of performances the “growth rate” was considered the “Base” of the study. Because the Maharashtra and Gujrat state are not same geographically, also both are not same in population and rural and urban areas. Financial Years such as 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020 performance data would be used. After comparative study by using parameters following conclusions were drawn they are the Growth Rate of the projects and agents registration of GujRERA were considerably more than MahaRERA. But accordingly to population MahaRERA witnessed more projects and agents registration than GujRERA however but comparative Growth Rate GujRERA is more than MahaRERA. The growth rate of MahaRERA is gradually growing fast every year. According to parameters Complaints Redressal disposed off rate of GujRERA faster than MahaRERA. Number of cases received by MahaRERA are more than GujRERA. But Redressal and Disposal rate of GujRERA is moving faster than the MahaRERA. Accordingly, to Adjudication and Right to Information parameters the application disposal rate of MahaRERA is more than GujRERA. In short the performances of comparative study of both the authorities of the states indicates that starting performances of both of these state authorities are successfully and good. Both MahaRERA GujRERA state authorities done their job successfully. However, the Quantitative and Qualitative performances of both states authorities are expected to keep their performance growth rate graph grow up more and faster than the past. Keywords: MahaRERA, GujRERA, Growth Rate, Agents, Real Estate, Projects, Performance, Parameters, RERA Act, RERA Authority, Maharashtra, Gujrat, MH,GJ. .

Self-help groups play a vital role in funding and empowering women. Usually, this group consists of 10-20 women who are members of this group. Members make small redeemable offerings for a few months until there is enough evidence on board to lend.These types of groups are having a link with banks for their credit purpose. These groups are giving importance for the development of their activities, make their infrastructure, and make their mind as technical know-how. To increase their self-knowledge and power they are attending several skill trainingprogrammes which was organized by NGOs and NABARD. This provides savings opportunities for women to deal with the problems of their daily lives. Self-help groups help rural women improve their decision-making in the family and community.Self Help Groups are playing the contributory role for rural enhancement, poverty development, and social empowerment. This study focuses on womens empowerment through self-help groups and clarifies key issues in the decision-making process such as womens empowerment, family responsibilities, and key issues among team members. This topic includes the primary data collected related to the topic and the primary data collected with the sample size of 80 in Kovilpatti city.The collected primary data was analyzed by using ANOVA, KMO and Bartletts Test, Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling with the help of SPSS.Keywords: Empowerment, Enhancement, Opportunities, Problems, Self Help Group.

Many people whose e-payment systems were inactive have become active, the dealing limits on the e-payment systems are grown, their values gone up, the quantity of mobile banking and e-payment transactions are collected attributable to conclusion of the currencies. decision could be a generations unforgettable expertise and drives to be one in each of the economic events of our time. Its impact is felt by each Indian national. decision affects the economy through the liquidity facet. its a progressive shift to a cashless economy with the bigger concentrate on the electronic transactions. Rising use of credit/debit cards, internet banking and different on-line payments mechanisms are another positive impact of conclusion, as these wouldnt solely lower dealing values but some these may facilitate to make a number of fee financial gain moreover. Demonetization of the very best denomination currency notes is a component of many measures undertaken by the govt. to deal with nonpayment, counterfeit currency and funding of ineligible activities. The payment eco-system within the country provides multiple choice to the various segments of users for fund transfer moreover as for creating payments in exchange of import for merchandise and services. With increasing adoption of electronic payments, notably those driving e-commerce and m-commerce, theres a growing demand for quicker payment services that, in turn, facilitate ease in doing monetary transactionsKey word: Demonetization, Electronic Payment System..

Businesses in India have traditionally been organized around strong promoters. Small shareholders have conceded complete control and ownership to the promoters and just hoped that they would make a return on their investment when the company did well. Not only was there little regulation to give them a say in the matters of their investee company, there was also a sense of general lethargy in taking affirmative action to protect their interests. Promoters too have traditionally run their companies fulfilling the bare minimum requirements of being transparent to their institutional and minority shareholders. These minimum requirements have been defined by whatever was required by regulation at different times. More recently, with the primary source of information evolving from mass media to social media, institutional and minority shareholders are becoming increasingly aware of their companys actions. They now have ready access not only to information, but also to the opinions of experts and a combination of these factors is getting them to gravitate towards a larger role in how their investee companies are run. This paper focuses on how Shareholder Activism, a recent phenomenon, has evolved in India and proposes the actions that corporates and promoter managements can take to avoid being a target of shareholder activism. Keywords: Blockchain, Corporate Governance, Proxy Advisory Firms, Shareholder Activism, Shareholder engagement, Minority Shareholder, Institutional Investors. .

Capital formation included physical and human capital, human capital is play a imperative role in the economic enlargement, now countries escalation through innovation and technology. Every innovation create from the human minds, hence development of country depended to human capital especial youth minds like schools and college students, this study analysis the competence and employability of college students. India become developed country only self-satisfaction on technology, energy ,foods and all the basic needs of human, this self-satisfaction only happen by human competency and healthy.Keywords: self-satisfaction,human competency and healthy, human capital.

Usually, electronic currencies, such as digital money or cryptocurrency, will have an effect on the global economy by ledger technologies, where current monetary currencies play a crucial position in the socio-economic system, accompanied by modern printing processes. The goal of this study is to examine various facets of cryptocurrencies, concentrating on the most influential forces behind economic factors centred on the contents of journal articles, electronic journals, news stories, workshops and seminars. From this point on, many facets of cryptocurrency and fiat currency are transitioning to the developing country; this paper aims to find out how cryptocurrency is doing with its current advantages and disadvantages to improve the method better. Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Traditional fiat currency, Online trading, Bitcoin, Ripple, Ethereum..

Human resources are the most important assets of any organization. Long term health and success of any organization depends upon retention of key employees. Employee retention has thus become the new success mantra in the age of job hopping. It is observed from the study that the present employees are considered to be the greatest asset of their organization by Indian IT firms and they consciously try to retain the existing talent. Motivational leadership is practiced in most firms India and they encourage inflow of new ideas. Creativity is promoted and nurtured through discussions, workshops and interactive programs. Care is also taken to groom talent and promote acquisition of knowledge through courses, workshops and trainings. Keywords: attrition, IT firms, talent, harassment, retention, success.

The only that can be used to convey any message to prospective consumer is to through marketing. Green marketing is part of marketing which approaches to market the product without harming the environment. Since there is a need in bringing the awareness in younger generation about eco-friendly product green marketing can be applied because it includes many things like product modification, changes in production process packaging as well as modifying the advertisement. Organization believes that by adopting green marketing they can fulfill moral obligation to more socially responsible, So this research is conducted to understand about awareness level, willingness to buy and focuses on waste management.Keywords: eco-friendly, consumer buying behavior and environment protection.

In many retail organizations, it is the fundamental duty of the marketing practices to generate more revenue to the firm. Along with this, customer retention is also an additional responsibility to the business therefore for the purpose of bringing more customers to the business; firms formulate customer relationship management practices in connection to the retail marketing practices. This research paper initially studied marketing practices of selected retail stores and understood the marketing practices related to the CRM practices and finally analyzed the marketing practices of the retail stores selected for the study. The study has identified some of the satisfied and dissatisfied response to the marketing practices and inferred relevant suggestions. Finally it concluded that the success of the customer relationship management practices implementation depends on the formulation of effective retail marketing practices.Keywords: Customer relationship management, Customer service, Customer loyalty program, Customer retention.

The process of creating, storing, Transferring, applying. saving organization knowledge is nothing but Knowledge Management. Especially, in an environment of intensive competition increased with globalization; creating knowledge has been a vital factor for organizations, in which they want to gain an advantage by innovative production. Every organization runs successfully with the advancement in knowledge and technology. Education institution has to play a great role in the creation of the valuable knowledge to develop the society. Education institution provides a strong platform to produce skilled knowledgeable human resources to the corporate and other sectors of the country. This paper designed with the intention that to know the knowledge transformation from the educational institution to the students to build our nation. The methodology adopted for the present study is observation and a structured questionnaire designed to collect the opinion of the respondents. The major intention of this paper is to produce skill and knowledgeable students as an output from every educational institution. The major finding for the present study is a good knowledge is the real asset of every student. A suggestion to implement is a good learning environment has to be created to develop professional qualities in the students.Keywords: innovative, skill, advancement..

Awareness denotes the knowledge about a particular problem or issue. Here, awareness of the rights of consumers mean the level of knowledge about various rights of consumers and the activities of various consumer movements. Consumer protection consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the market place. Responses were analyzed by the help of Percentage, factor analysis and presented by tables and figures. The present study analysis the extent of consumer awareness about consumer protection and their legitimate rights in the consumption process. The study is empirical and descriptive in nature which is based on empirical evidences based on data collected with the help of Interview Schedule 150 respondents of Tirunelveli city. The demographic profile and awareness of consumer rights and protection were analyzed by the help of Percentage analysis and factor analysis with the help of Excel and SPSS software. The conclusion derived from the study is that the consumer has not only to choose products and also, they have the rights to know how product has produced whether it is safe and beneficial for use or not. Keywords: Awareness, Consumer Rights, Protection, Redressal .

Covid 19 has transformed life across the world in a manner never imagined before, with massive implications on all realms of life, forever. Life, Living and Learning shall never be the same again. Apart from the various uncertainties that have unfolded upon us, the most important is the future of learning and education. Education as a process of Evolution has been adapting to various dynamics such as Technology, Skill development, Smart generation of students, National orientation and Social impact among others. However, the sudden impact of social distancing, has redefined the process of Teaching, Learning and the experience of institutional education. The Students have been quick to adapt to the new media and are experiencing the initial joy of discovery. However, the Teachers have been compelled to integrate a mechanism that generally was considered as distractive for younger generation and learning. This paper aims to understand the teacher’s initial experience and perceptions regarding online teaching and their faith in the effectiveness of their efforts. The study involves the teachers of Graduate studies under the University of Bangalore, belonging to Government, Aided and Private Institutions, with over 16 parameters under consideration.Key Word: Online Teaching, Graduate Studies, Technology integration..

In the current era, shopping has become an inclination. People do not just prefer the traditional mode of shopping and are tend to switch over to online shopping mode. Online shopping has become a key platform for purchasing electronic items. As huge amount of electronics are accessible at just a click away and it has become convenient for the customer to scrutinise as per their standards, it has created a competitive e-commerce environment to retain loyal customers. With the fast change in the pace of technology, new inventions to comfort customers are lining up in the market. In this research, an attempt is made to understand the consumer behaviour towards online shopping with special reference to electronic products and identify the factors influencing consumer behaviour towards the purchase of electronic products online and the most preferred online site for purchase of electronic products. The sample size for the study is 103. Key words: Online, Shopping, Electronic, Consumers .

Higher education system of India ranked third in the world after China and USA in terms of student enrolment. Since independence it has seen stupendous growth in the number of Colleges, Universities and Institutions. After 1950, Indian Government has established different organization to promote infrastructure, quality, and transparency in management in higher education system. Establishment of All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) in 1945, University Grants Commission (UGC) in 1956, Education Commission in 1966 are few examples of the above-mentioned fact. The national education policy introduced in 1986 has given a direction to the higher education in our country. After that, several changes have been incorporated in the curriculum design, syllabus modeling, student evaluation processes, faculty development process which needs to be reviewed for analysis to check the present case scenario and need of improvement in higher education system. In this regard, this article is aimed to tabulate and analyse different aspect of higher education such as growth in student enrolment, number in institution, faculties, social parity etc. Further, despite growth in various numbers and investment from public funding, India has failed to reach the mark compared to the higher education system of developed country. This article tried to provide a perspective in the challenges; higher education system is facing everyday and also the opportunity that one should grab to be connected with the system. Keywords: Higher Education, India, Growth, Challenges, Opportunities.

Positive attitude of academic employee is essential for society’s development and it would happen when a faculty member is satisfied in his/her job. This paper is an effort to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and performance of academic employees in public funded arts and science colleges in Tamil Nadu Province (TNP), India. Based on a survey conducted from 201 respondents and applying Pearson correlation test, the empirical result from the data analysis indicates clearly that the level of job satisfaction have strong and positive correlation with overall performance of faculty members. However, some of the factors in job satisfaction have not significantly related with performance of the faculty members. Considering the significant contributions of academics for the development of students, institutions, society and overall development of the country, the policy makers, and regulatory bodies should make appropriate measure to enhance the level of job satisfaction in the workplace which would lead to attract higher performing and more committed academic employees in the higher educational sector. Keywords: Job Satisfaction Level, Performance, Public Funded Institutions, and Academic Employees. .

Construction industry plays a crucial role in shaping the economy of a nation. Construction industry in India has undergone sea changes in the last few decades. This research facilitates to examine the financial position and different financial factors of the company and helps to predict the expected future outcome using past and present performance. The main objectives of the study was to find the relation between the Expenses and Profit on Short term and Long term debt of a construction company and to identify whether the organization is under financial distress and give necessary recommendation for easing the same. It was found from the study that there exists negative correlation between short term debt and net profit, short term debt and financial cost, long term debt and net profit. There exists positive correlation between long term debt and financial cost of the company. Keywords: Construction Company, short term debt, long term debt, financial distress.

The traditional higher education system is mere an entry ticket for the white collar jobs in companies. The digital period has emerged and the basic of teaching has been shifted to online learning platforms with classrooms on mobile. Online courses have facilitated the students working in full time and obtaining degree in online. The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) supported to make a smart study within a minimum span of time with instant knowledge replacing the traditional classrooms and institutional infrastructures. Online portals seals to be a vital aspect of Educational Revolution. MOOC’s include certain credit point to specific programmes which grab the attention of the students. It is a global platform that provides education to international or diverse audience. Different courses, flexible timings, quality and timely follow up created the student to opt courses online. This study helps to assess the impact of MOOC’s on Higher Education targeting the students of different colleges through survey in Coimbatore district. The study discusses the opinion of the respondents towards the basic details courses offered, contents, quality of the course, types of assignments, the rankings, the job opportunities after the course, factors that favours and those that hinders the individual to study online and offline (traditional). A well designed schedule is framed after reviewing the literature and convenience sampling was used and applications of different tools know the level of correlation and association between the variables.Key words – MOOC, infrastructure, traditional system.

CSR activities and donation-based Crowdfunding is emerging trends and generates financial needs. In simple both are the same coin with different faces which generates financial funds to achieve the target at a specified time towards the social and economic welfare of the society through raising the funds through the Indian based platforms is more competitive and challenging. CSR will create a wide range of opportunities to generate funds through the large number across the country using crowdfunding as sources in another way, crowdfunding can be used to create a micro fund many personal and social causes and different activities with a company’s CSR goals. The study aims at knowing the relationship among fundraisers through a donation-based model in crowdfunding using Indian based platforms that have the potential to become CSR activities. Lesser the minimum contribution more the success rate, so it is advisable to minimize the minimum contribution level so many contributors can contribute towards the campaigns. It can helps the needy people which as social and economic impact towards the Indian economy.Keywords: Contribution, Donation-Based Crowdfunding, Indian platforms, personal and social causes .

Digital marketing is used in order to reach the desired target market via some of the following channels like social media, websites, multimedia advertising, online search engine advertisement, E-marketing, interactive marketing. The aim of the study is to identify the various factors of digital marketing influencing the customer purchase decision and the impact of digital marketing on customer purchase decisions. The study is carried out through survey from 204 respondents. The study is analysed using various statistical tools such as chi-Squared test, Correlation, two-way annova. The findings revealed that the purchase decisions are influenced by the information and advertisements given in digital marketing. The study is conducted in a particular geographical region within Chennai city and this can be considered as a limitation to evaluate the purchase decision of all customers of various geographical regions. As the world is moving towards the digital era, digital marketing plays an important role in increasing the sales of products and services. So the current study made an endeavour to understand the influences of digital marketing on customer purchase decisions. This study will be very helpful for the companies to understand the importance of digital marketing with respect to the customer purchase decisions.Key Words: Digital Marketing, Consumers Purchase decision, digital channel, digital media.

Present day concerns over the disconnection with the past affect people’s sense of security and identity. By developing a collective longing for the past is inevitable for the people to consolidate a sense of security and belonging. Here comes the role of heritage as an ‘island of security’ that people can depend and enjoy to amidst the economic crisis of contemporary society. There must be close cooperation between museums and tourism in order to encourage and enhance national and local economies. Traditional museums focused mainly on collecting and conserving essential educational repositories but contemporary museums have diversified their social and cultural functions and remit services and also broaden their collections. Museum visitors now expect to achieve a quality experience rather than mere education, exhibitions and display but also in the form of interpretation and other services including catering and retailing in museums. The present study examines the visitor’s satisfaction on various facilities and services at the museums and it also examined the difficulties of them during their visit to the museums.Key Words: Heritage museums. Museums, Tourism..

Globalization has brought in changes in reporting of financial statements world-wide. World has become a global village. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are adopted for better understanding of trade and commerce. To be in tune with the international financial reporting system India has made it mandatory to follow IFRS with effect from accounting year 1st April, 2016. Fair Vale Measurement is applied as IFRS 13/IND AS 113 where in the fair value is considered as which would be received on sale of an asset or transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date . Nifty companies were considered for implementation of IFRS in the first phase by converting their balance sheet as on 1st April, 2011 under Group - A . The present paper is an attempt to study the changes in reporting of financial statements and its impact on profitability of Nifty refinery Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs).Key Words: IFRS, Nifty, Refinery, CPSEs.

Domestic violence against women prevails across globe due to many social, cultural, economic, and psychological factors. The present attempts to rank the countries based on the women’s opinion about their husbands’ justification in beating them for variety of domestic reasons. This study also attempts to gauge the relationship between socio-economic factors and women’s perception on domestic violence. The results of the study shows that African women perceive that their husbands are justified in beating them when they burn the food, refuses sex, argues, goes out without telling and neglects the children. In the country ranking, almost 6 - 7 African countries are on top 10 countries where women accept their husband’s beating. The study also revealed that the socio-economic factors such as GDP percapita, gross savings as % of GDP and contributing female family workers as % of female employment are negatively correlated with the women’ perception on domestic violence. Key Words: Domestic Violence, Socioeconomic Factors, Physical Abuse .

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) does not have a typically recounted definition; the center of the idea despite the fact that, is prepared around the conviction that corporations have an attention of certain expectancies closer to society and the people from whom they infer their prosperity. In nations, as an instance, India, in which economic reconciliation and social consideration are fundamental powers that power most people towards improvement and advancement CSR has gotten a important and powerful India became the number one country in the world to force a legal commitment of CSR for organizations assembly certain measures. According to Section one hundred thirty five of the Companies Act, businesses with a complete assets of INR 5 Bn ($ 70 Mn) or more, or a yearly turnover of INR 10 Bn ($ 140 Mn) or extra, or net gain of INR 50 Mn ($) at least 699,125, to burn thru percentage of their regular net benefits of 3 years This association makes India the primary nation on the planet that makes each the spending and detailing of CSR commitments obligatory. Moreover, the Companies Act and resulting adjustments have prolonged and defined sporting events for which the 2 percent subsidizing can be utilized. The Government of India has clarified that CSR spending isn't always proper motive or easy gifts without a key benefits. Actually, there has been a practical exertion to characterize expansive areas (Schedule VII of the Companies Act 2013) below which the subsidizing may be diverted, alongside these traces manifestly. Key Words: CSR, CSR funding, corporate implications, COVID-19.

Banking is the lifeline of an Indian economy. Banking system is one of the backbone of the economy and best banking services in turn has become the tools of banking activities. The predicament of the banks in the developed countries owing to excessive leverage and lax regulatory system has time and again been compared with somewhat unscathed Indian Banking Sector. An attempt has been made to understand the general sentiment with regards to the performance, the challenges and the opportunities ahead for the Indian Banking Sector. E-banking which was playing a supportive role in banking, has come to the forefront with the ever-increasing challenges and requirements. E-banking to start with was a business enabler and now has become a business driver. The present study is based on both primary and secondary data in nature.. For this study 80 sample have been collected from Satara district of Rajastan areas only. Descriptive as well as Anova test have been used for data analysis and interpretation. This study is concluded that, Most of urban as well as rural customers are facing major banking problems in to use the different services on debit car4d, credit card, digital banking, mobile banking, fund transfer, etc of banking due to less of knowledge, outdated technology, no of proper training, technical bottlenecks, no electronically, less personal efficiency etc Therefore, it is recommended that banking sector should initiate the steps to create more awareness towards the uses of banking at grass root level. The banks should follow easy steps to install various types of softwares on different electronic gadgets as the exploration of baking will open more vistas for banking sector and different segment of customers an get benefits of this new age essential -financial banking services.Keywords: Banking Services, Urban & Rural Customers, Digital Banking, Mobile Banking.

Entrepreneurship is the establishment of new-fangled venture particularly little ventures in order to appear the innovative ideas of the entrepreneurs. The growth otherwise establishment of small enterprises is the specific involvement of entrepreneurship in every economy of the world. Entrepreneurship firms contributed a big distribute of new jobs. It provides entry-level jobs so indispensable pelt training or gaining experience for unskilled workers. The small enterprises are the only sector that generates a great portion of total employment every year. State Bank of India is one of the largest funders of startups in India, providing funding to thousands of startups each year.SBI offers various loan to self-employed and businessmen intended for financing the expansion or working capital requirements of their business. This paper analysis this role of State Bank of India in new entrepreneur (both men and women) and examine the level of customer awareness towards SBI Business Loans in Srivilliputhur taluk Key.

COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus. The disease was discovered in China in December 2019 and has since spread around the world. COVID is short for coronavirus disease. The number 19 refers to the fact that the disease was first detected in 2019.The technical name of the virus that causes COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, abbreviated as SARS-CoV-2. A sample of one hundred and thirty-eight persons was taken for study and the various Effect were evaluated with the help of a questionnaire. The tools used for analyses is SPSS version-20 software, for the interpretation of data. The study has been conducted among 138 sample respondents who are residing at Tirunelveli District. The data were processed and analysed through SPSS and the statistical tools applied here are ANOVA test and t test. It is noted from the analysis that the impact is apparent on the basis of residential status and not on the basis of gender and occupation. This may be due to the immobility of the people due to lockdown formalities and regularities. Among the chosen factors, though the COVID 19 affect people in different forms, Financial Impact is highly felt and the attainment of basic needs is not a big concern as far as the sample group is concerned. Hence finding and getting means and ways of improving employment opportunities will help the people to get rid of the financial difficulties. Keywords: Covid-19, Financial, Gender, Impact, Individual, Occupation, Residential.

Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world and affected by climatic extremes such as floods and droughts. Such events are having a negative impact on livelihoods, especially poor. The main focus of this paper is to assess the effects of climate change on rural households’ livelihood particularly to assess the pattern of rainfall and temperature for three decades, to identify the factors determine the livelihood and to assess the coping strategies used by rural households. To achieve the objectives, relevant data were collected from 100 rural households from three sample villages identified through stratified sampling technique based on the agro-ecologic condition. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS (version 23). The findings reveal that some elements of climate (temperature and rainfall) show inter annual and seasonal variability with increasing trend. The main source of income of the respondents is rain fed agriculture (62%) which is being adversely affected by unpredictable and decreasing rainfall, flood and high temperature etc. Al so women, children, elders, poor and landless were most vulnerable to the climate change. In response to this, farmers are practicing long aged coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies along with government interventions. It is recommended that increasing awareness among farmers on method of using agricultural technologies, restoring the degraded land, facilitating access to credit, diversifying source of income, building the capacity of farmers & encouraging community based adaptation strategies as the main livelihood enhancement approaches. Key words: Climate change, Livelihood, Coping mechanisms, Adaptation strategies.

Nowadays Corona virus issues have become major concerns for the entire world and it is being discussed at the national, international level widely. Almost every nation and their economies have affected very harshly by this. The outbreak of the pandemic named Corona Virus has emerged as the most unpleasant and unpredicted shock for Indian economy also. The economy of India was already struggling to do better when Covid-19 struck it. The regularly deteriorating condition of the country called a nationwide lockdown of 21 days which was even increased till 3rd of May. This decision has hurt every aspect of the economy from disrupting manufacturing to demand supply curve, from dismissing transportations to customers in the markets. The financial market of the country is disturbed highly by this and it has also affected the investor’s sentiments. The situation caused by Covid-19 has impacted the way of making decisions by the Investors regarding their investments at least for the short term as no one is untouched by corona as of now. In this paper the researcher will discuss the changes came into Investor’s behavior due to Covid-19. The study will try to understand the sudden became perception of the investors and their practices in order to protect their investments. The research also investigates the level of awareness among investors regarding various investment options and the current status with the help of a structured questionnaire. Investor’s attitudes and preferences tried to be studied. Keywords: Covid-19, Economy, Investor attitude, Investment Decisions..

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have gained increased attention in India in recent times, considering their strategic importance to the economy and the country. MSMEs play an important role in generating employment—48.8 million MSMEs in the country provide employment to 111.4 million people. MSMEs in the manufacturing sector alone produce more than 6,000 products and contribute 7.7% of the GDP of the country. Similarly, MSMEs in the services sector contribute 27.4% of the country’s GDP. In spite of their contribution, MSMEs in India face several challenges. Finally, studies on MSMEs have identified the importance of the availability of sources of finance and the accessibility to these sources as the most crucial factors to promote growth of MSMEs in developing economies. Without any dispute we may consider that MSME are one of the key drivers behind the high growth rate of Indian economy. As the current global economic development rate is 3.40% to 3.80% whereas the India’s growth rate is considered to be 7.80% (Department of Commerce; Gov of India). Though this sector is flourishing till the date the banks are lending only 16% to the MSME sector in India. It is required to understand much about the existing financial barriers to the MSMEs. Hence, this research thrown a light to understand the basic financial problems of the Indian MSME sectors. Furthermore, the study also focused to know the MSME entrepreneurs perceptions towards the various challenges faced by them while availing the finance facility from the different organizations. Key words: MSMEs, GDP, Economy, High cost credit, NBFCs..

Mobile wallets have changed the landscape of cashless payments in India; it has penetrated every payment transaction in daily, day to day life. Food allowance space was the one area where it is digitalized through the introduction Food wallets after RBI mandate to move into digital platform. Food wallet benefits the tax paying consumer by exempting the food allowance paid by the companies. Food wallets companies has moved into B2B space by tying-up with the corporates company offering complete digital platform to transfer the food allowance money and payments for the foods in the cafeterias and restaurants there by improving the employee satisfaction and moving away from hazels of paper coupon’s. Though adoption rate of food wallets are moving at rapid speed, there are many problems faced by the consumer using the new platform and this paper mainly analyses the problems and suggests the possible suggestions to improve the adoption. This paper has used the frequency distribution method and Friedman Test factor analysis to find the out the most import factor that causes the problem to the consumer using food wallet. Primary data was collected from 52 respondents and data was analysed and concluded. This paper suggests the possible solutions to Government and Food wallets providers to improve the adoption of food wallets and making policy decisions in the food allowance space. Keywords: Mobile wallet, food wallet, Perceived problems, Food allowance space..

Education is plays a vital role in development of nation. Corona Virus which leads to take online classes during lockdown period. According to UGC instructions all universities and colleges are initiated to take online class during lookdown period. The present study is focus on impact of covid-19 pandemic period on teaching fraternity – with reference to online teaching. The present study is an analytical research, its objectives are, to know the effectiveness of online class, to understand the use of technological aids by faculty fraternity, students interaction and performance evaluation in online class, income level and lifestyle of teaching fraternity during lockdown period, to know impact of COVID-19 on students examination and management status. The data was collected from 30 respondents by asking structured open-ended questionnaires, Chi-Square statistical tool are used for data analysis. The questionnaires focused on family, designation, qualification, experience, income level of respondents. To reduce constraints of online teaching, presently number of online programme is nursing will continue with orientation programme for instructors transitioning into an online role. Number of mobile applications available to teach students in online, faculty members can conduct test and internals by objective type questions. The study concludes presently online teaching is become new trends in education fields and it’s having both advantages and disadvantages. Keywords: - COVID-19, Pandemic Period, Lockdown, Online Teaching, Teaching Fraternity, Teaching Aids..

Education is plays a vital role in development of nation. Corona Virus which leads to take online classes during lockdown period. According to UGC instructions all universities and colleges are initiated to take online class during lookdown period. The present study is focus on impact of covid-19 pandemic period on teaching fraternity – with reference to online teaching. The present study is an analytical research, its objectives are, to know the effectiveness of online class, to understand the use of technological aids by faculty fraternity, students interaction and performance evaluation in online class, income level and lifestyle of teaching fraternity during lockdown period, to know impact of COVID-19 on students examination and management status. The data was collected from 30 respondents by asking structured open-ended questionnaires, Chi-Square statistical tool are used for data analysis. The questionnaires focused on family, designation, qualification, experience, income level of respondents. To reduce constraints of online teaching, presently number of online programme is nursing will continue with orientation programme for instructors transitioning into an online role. Number of mobile applications available to teach students in online, faculty members can conduct test and internals by objective type questions. The study concludes presently online teaching is become new trends in education fields and it’s having both advantages and disadvantages. Keywords: - COVID-19, Pandemic Period, Lockdown, Online Teaching, Teaching Fraternity, Teaching Aids..

In India, initially, most of the retailing industries were unorganized, however, with the change of tastes and preferences of the customers, these industries have gained thrust and are getting more popular and organized now-a-days. Customers taste and preference bring present retailing format in India like departmental stores, malls, supermarkets and speciality stores. Accordingly, the study has been made to know the customers’ preference towards departmental stores. Data for the study have been collected through issuing well-structured questionnaire to 150 customers in Madurai city by adopting convenience sampling technique. To analyse the data, Simple Percentage, Weighted Average and Garrett Ranking have been used. The result of the study indicates that majority of the customers visit department store with their family members to purchase and also compares price with other stores before making purchase. The study reveals that Shri Kannan Departmental Store is most preferred store in Madurai city. Well-located stores, good quality, accurate quantity, adequate number of sales persons, availability of trolley, free home delivery, credit card facility, wider choice of products, availability of seasonal goods and the like are some of the factors considered while selecting a departmental store. Keywords: Customers Preference, Shopping Behaviour, Departmental stores, Supermarket, Retailing Business..

The present study provides a comparative analysis of the performance of merged nationalized banks in India pre- and post-merger between the time period 2000 to 2010 on different parameters like net profit ratio, return on equity, return on assets, earnings per share, and profit per employee. The banks considered for the study included Bank of Baroda, State Bank of India, and IDBI Bank. With the help of paired t-test, it was found that there was a negative impact of the merger on net profit ratio, return on equity, and return on assets, while there was a positive impact of the merger on earnings per share, and profit per employee. Keywords: Banking Industry, Nationalized Commercial Banks, Merger, Long-term Profitability, Financial Performance.

Efforts have been made in this study to examine the various types of environmental catastrophe and their effect on Tourism Business in Odisha that affects Tourist movement and socio-economic life of the Local communities. This article begins with the meaning and importance of Natural disaster and its impact on the Tourism business, local societies and environment of the Tourism zone of Odisha. Key issue of this paper is to find out various natural catastrophes which are having devastating effect in the Tourism destination within the study area. Education, communication, awareness, Preparedness, emergency planning, disaster mitigation and tourism are the key area of discussion in this article. Role of the government and local communities are also highlighted here. This paper highlights the urgent need for attention on tourism disaster planning, reduction and preparedness. Keywords: Environmental catastrophe, disaster management, hazards, disaster mitigation, preparedness, coastal tourism, sustainability, cyclone, erosion..

The paper fᴏcused ᴏn the impact ᴏf macrᴏ-ecᴏnᴏmic variables and its impact ᴏn various currencies by cᴏmparing the macrᴏ-ecᴏnᴏmic variables ᴏf develᴏping and develᴏpedcᴏuntries. The developing cᴏuntries used fᴏr analysis are India&Singapᴏre, US and China as develᴏpedcᴏuntries also. In develᴏpingCᴏuntries that is India and Singapᴏre, the mᴏst impactful variable was Current Accᴏunt Balance which was fᴏllᴏwed by fᴏreign direct investment determining the volatility of exchange rate. China had successfully managed tᴏ manage the exchange rate with a vᴏlatility ᴏf just 3.03 ᴏver last 20 years due to the strength in the merchandise exports. In India,inflatiᴏn had alsᴏ shᴏwn substantial significance in the vᴏlatility in exchange rate. Develᴏpingcᴏuntriesshould fᴏcus much mᴏre ᴏn bringing FDI intᴏ the cᴏuntry and alsᴏ fᴏcus ᴏn ᴏtherfactᴏrs tᴏ ensure the ecᴏnᴏmicgrᴏwth ᴏf the cᴏuntry. It was concluded that macro economic variableswere successful in explaining the vᴏlatilitymᴏvements in the exchange rate at significance level. Keywords: Current account balance, Exchange rate volatility, Foreign Direct Investment.

In the hue and cry of LPG policy of 1991, Companies were only focused toward profit maximization which led to social backwash. To overcome this fashion CSR play an important role in sustainable development which is possible only when there is a balance between profit and lowering social backwash or eradicating it. The importance of CSR is increasing in Indian corporate scenario because organizations have realized that ultimate goal is not profit making besides this trust building is viable and assert able with societal relationship. This research article highlights the essence of implementing various CSR initiatives by the public sector company, Bharath Electronics Limited, Bangalore-Karnataka, as a mandatory requirement from 1st April 2014 under schedule VII of the amended companies Act, 2013. The descriptive, survey and case analysis methods have been applied with a sample of 100 respondents. Judgmental and stratified sampling techniques are used to collect the data through the research instruments like structured questionnaires, schedules and personal interviews. After reviewing the previous studies and review of literatures the research gap is identified that there is huge gap in implementation of CSR initiatives between public sector companies and private sector companies under the study.The collected data have been analyzed with the help of statistical tools and techniques- averages and percentages. Wherever necessary the data were presented with the help of tables, charts and diagrams. The findings were made based on the analysis and interpretation of data, conclusion has been drawn and qualitative suggestions have been given. BEL, Bangalore has been doing social activities at the time of its inception, not after the establishment of Companies Amendment Act 2013. This shows that the sample company is financially sound and strong. Findings clearly indicates that, BEL Bangalore has achieved 3/4th of its initiates have been successfully completed as per its strategic operations and yielded the expected results under CSR mission. Key Words: CSR, Social Asset, Social Cost, Social benefits, Schedule VII of the Amended Companies Act of 2013.

Banks are maintaining a special cell for redressal of consumer grievances by adopting different means. Despites of all these efforts put in by banks (both public and private sector), a large number of customer complaints remain unaddressed. Reserve Bank of India, the apex bank of India came forward with Bank Ombudsman Scheme (BOS) in the year 1995 to address the grievances of bank customers in the country. This scheme was introduced as a provision of Section 35 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 by the central bank of India (RBI). The primary objective of this scheme is to ensure effective grievance redressal of customers of different banks on continuous basis. Office of the Bank Ombudsman was established by RBI to receive grievances from customers and taking all necessary steps possible to redress those at the earliest in a transparent manner. It can be seen as an effective mechanism for customer grievances redressal in the banking sector. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate Bank Ombudsman Scheme as the Customer Grievance Redressal mechanism for the customers of banks operated in India. The study was largely dependent on secondary sources of data collected from several sources i.e. Annual reports of RBI, BOS, different research journals, magazines and internet sources. Data so collected were compiled and presented in tabular form for an effective presentation. Trend and progress of this Scheme indicates significant volume of growth and improvement over the last few years. Still there are some areas which require further attention especially awareness and understanding of general people (Bank Customers) about the BO scheme and its provisions. As the apex bank and controlling authority, RBI has to take some arduous steps towards developing and strengthening the Customer Grievances Redressal Mechanism for bank customers in India. Keywords: BOS, Customer, Grievance, Bank Ombudsman, OBO, CG, RBI..

To prevent the spread of COVID-19 the Government of India imposed lock down resulting into number of physical restrictions. But to keep the life of citizens’ smooth, several services including banking were declared as essential services. The Government released various welfare funds through banks causing fear among employees due to probability of getting infection from customers who turned up into several hundred for banking. Providing services during lock down mounted a serious physical and psychological challenge before Bank employees. This study is carried out to explore psychological state of their mind while providing banking services under threat of COVID-19.The result showed that though negative emotions like fear, anxiety, depression etc. has increased, opportunity to help the people has also developed positive emotions which motivated employees to provide customer service at the time of distress. The management need to go beyond their routine support to enable them to continue to provide the customer service with pride and help the nation like any other corona warriors.Key words: COVID-19 (Corona virus disease- 19), lock-down, emotions; cognitive assessment, discrimination, quarantine, PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), SARS-2003, WHO (World Health Organization).

In the 21st century, organizations are playing hard to retain their employees. Unlike earlier century, the employees shift from one workplace to another, wherever they feel comfort and patronage. Affective commitment of the employees becomes a debatable title in the minds of Human Resources recruiters and trainers, because of their bulky investment in the employees. This article presents the relationship between different workplace variables and affective commitment of the employees and the impact of them on the affective commitment of the employees. The results of this article clearly, indicate that employees’ perceptions of their work environment have a greater impact on the affective commitment of the employees, than any other workplace variables. Keywords: Affective Commitment, Workplace Variables, Employee’s Perceptions.

Efforts have been made in this study to examine the various types of environmental catastrophe and their effect on Tourism Business in Odisha that affects Tourist movement and socio-economic life of the Local communities. This article begins with the meaning and importance of Natural disaster and its impact on the Tourism business, local societies and environment of the Tourism zone of Odisha. Key issue of this paper is to find out various natural catastrophes which are having devastating effect in the Tourism destination within the study area. Education, communication, awareness, Preparedness, emergency planning, disaster mitigation and tourism are the key area of discussion in this article. Role of the government and local communities are also highlighted here. This paper highlights the urgent need for attention on tourism disaster planning, reduction and preparedness.Keywords: Environmental catastrophe, disaster management, hazards, disaster mitigation, preparedness, coastal tourism, sustainability, cyclone, erosion..

The World has shrunk to the size of a small ball with advancements in technology. With this, the way a common man does his routine work has changed a lot. And with internet being on finger tips, we depend on it for every small till large deals, online shopping being no exception to it. Hence in order to know how an individual’s choice changes with the level of satisfaction and what causes such dissatisfaction is what the core of this study. The research was conducted on the sample of 131 respondents, wherein a questionnaire was issued to them. The collected data was analysed with implementation of statistical tools like pie and bar charts, also the WAS. Finally it was revealed that level of satisfaction was high due to its convenience to shop anytime and for dissatisfaction reason being lesser privacy to financial information. It was also revealed that respondents had faced instances of poor product quality and other related issues, resulting in wrong perception towards the same.Keywords: - Customers’ Perception, Online shopping, Problems..